Charles Cathedral

“The Charles Cathedral” situated in Paris, France. Basically we can see that the style used in this Cathedral was Gothic. This style essentially bloomed through the Western Europe throughout the middle ages. The Gothic style began in France, then as the time went by it started to become more well-know, because of the brilliant cathedrals that were manufactured base on this style. I can say that one of the most important aspect of this cathedrals were it gratifying structure, which gave the feeling of tallness altitudes that cough devotee’s eyes to look upward towards heaven. In order to accomplish such effect, the architectures had to come up with a ridged tomb, kind of roof which was hold by sharp arches. This arch were twisted with thin marbles ribs which extent from high column. However most of the carry was offered by arm that looks like big smiles called the flying buttresses. They also bend against the exterior walls of the Cathedral. Still ridged tomb and flying buttresses compact a huge quantity of hard wall space which was required for the holding. As a result, these Gothic constructions have walls load up with huge and clear colored stained glass windows that showed religious prospects. Another purposed of these windows was to allow more light inside the cathedral and too illuminate the purplish shine. This effect would impact the devotee faith. Yet the outside of the wall were decorated with statues and biblical figures. Some of them were if full size and three dimensional. For instance Gargoyle makes a good example of this figure. They architectural propose was to drain water from roof of the church, the flat back with the channel to catch the rainwater and with and opened mouth to carry the rain water from the wall; it was artistically and beautiful. Still Christianity gave it its religious meaning. For the Gargoyle propose was to scare away the evil spirits or ghost.

When Roman Empire end a huge hole was left on western society. Their culture, belief, government, everything was seemed to be lost. Yet as time went by western society had to face the middle ages mostly know as the “Dark Ages”. During this time period huge amount of land was left to be ruled by kings. This king or land Lords had to provide strong governments measures in order to mating peace and security under a feudal system. They had to distribute the land in to the nobles which were the high class vassals. These vassals also had the Knight who had also small portions of the land and were used to guard the land. Finally there were the peasants which were the people who actually work the land. This people could only fed on what they could cultivar. Church at this time had a huge power over the king and everyone else. Still some peasant started to form separate society from the knight, basically they set around the rivers to make easy the trade. Yet the peasant did not stop negotiating with each other and even the knights itself. Therefore this outside society started grow and grow. They had people that mastered some arts. They even got to the point from where they talk to the church and negotiate with them. The peasant told the church that they were going to pay them in order for the church to teach them. Right after the church started to open what was calling the “Universitas”. There they offered a variety of degrees. Degrees like Arts and Science. People started to learn more and more. Their cultured spans in a big ways, because the churches got this book translated to the Latin which they receive from the Arab people. Then the people in the Middle Ages started to learn more of the ancestor the Romans. They learn the Arts, Architecture and other things. Therefore they went in to the Romanesque stile, which basically was to bring back the Roman style of architecture. From there they started to improve their architectural styles and went to the Gothic Style which meant to be “Barbarous or mean”. This building did not follow the Greece and Roman models. But basically it was an introduction of a style which only reviewed the medieval period.

Meca

The sanctuary Mecca, Saudi Arabia, this is the central focus of the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. Devout pilgrims circle the draped, black stone (ka’aba), seen in the upper center of the crowd-upon which, it is believed, one can see the footprints of Abraham. To the left and front of the Ka’aba is the tomb of Ishmael, from whom the Muslim traces their decent. According to the Saudi Hajj ministry, each year about two million Muslim pilgrims from around the world arrive at Mecca to perform Al-Hajj or Bilgirame. However one fundamental principle of the Muslim faith is “Five Pillar of Islam”. They are the five obligations present in every Muslim. The first is Shahadah meaning “the recitation of the Muslim act of faith that there is one God and that Muhammad is God’s messenger. The second is Salat which is the “obligation to pray five times a day in a direction that point to the Ka’aba in Mecca”. Soon there was added the obligation to participate in Friday prayers as a community and hear sermons. The third is the Zakat which is to “donate a portion of the surplus of one’s wealth to charity”. The fourth is Sawm which is “to fast during the holy month of Ramadan; a total abstinence of all food and drink from sunrise to sunset”. Finally the fifth was the Hajj which was to” make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least one in a life time. The ritual that Muslim performed at the Ka’aba, were The Hajj, Cleaning of the Ka’aba and Qibla. Basically the Hajj is a revelation of the Muslim people, and how their surrendered to God Allah. After that there is the Cleaning which is a ceremony that is performed twice in a year. The first is on the third day, before Ramadan month. Second in before the start of the annual pilgrimage. There Member of the tribe, diplomats and governor perform the cleaning of the structure. Finally the last ceremony is the Qibla; there they face to the Qibla and start worshiping and praying.

The Chi Rho

the Chi Rho symbolizes the Christian religion. Even though that the Chi Rho was no the official cross; it kind of relay on the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The Chi Rho basically is composed with the two Greek letters “X”= (Chi) and “P”= (Rho) meaning Christos. The monogram also showed another two Greek letter “A” meaning Alpha and the lower case letter “w” meaning the Omega. Finally we can see the symbolism in which Jesus is referring himself as the “Alpha and the Omega, the First and Last, Beginning and the End. The Christian philosophical belief was mostly acculturated from the Judaism. Similar to the Jewish the Christian have the same Commandments. However the Christian philosophical belief began with Jesus Christ. He was a Jew born during the reign of Roman Empire Augustus. Jesus belief is known for his theological reflection about the meaning of life and the significance of his deeds. In the Christian belief Jesus Christ is understood in the light of the Jewish prophetical traditions. He also preached about the coming of Gods kingdom, which would be a reign of justice and mercy and that Israel enemies would be overcome. However until that kingdom arrived, Jesus insisted on a life of repentance and an abandonment of early concerns; love of God and neighbors. Besides a compassion for the poor, downcast, and marginalized was a set of his life examples. Still his identification with the powerless antagonized his enemies. Most of his teachings are found in his parables and in the moral code. Finally, we can see that the Christian philosophy is base on this noble idealism of do good charities no matter what. He also believes that we should love our enemies like we love our friends. That if someone hit us in the face, we should turn our head. By this he is saying is that we have to forget the bad things that other people do to us. A big example of this is when he was crucified he was told his father G-d to forgive those who are screaming for him to be crucified. Another of his main beliefs was the ideal of equality. We can see this when he was baptizing by one of his younger cousin and when he cleans his disciples foots. Even though he was the chosen one or the messiahs, he was showing that we are all equality. Yet the Christians change the Idea of heaven and Hell from the Jews. For the Christian the idea of hell was more of a place, where people would go after they die in order to pay for their sins and they will be there for eternity.

Salomom's Temple

the Salomon’s Temple was the first of its kind and it build around the nine hundred and sixty B.C.E. by the king Salomon. The Salomon’s temple holds the Arc of the Covenant inside. This Arc basically contains inside the rock with the first ten commandments of the Judaism, which were brought down from a mount of Sinai by Moses. Therefore we can say that this Temple belongs to the Jewish religion. Most of their religion is stand on their philosophical beliefs which are base on the Ten Commandments. These Commandments are the following: Number one is to Belief in G-d, meaning that “there is only one G-d and accepting that he is your G-d”. The second one is Prohibition of Improper Worship which means that “you shall not have other G-ds”. Number three is Prohibitions of Oath which means that “you shall not take the name of G-d in vain”. Number Four is Observance of Sacred Times which means to remember the “Sabbath day”. Number Five is Respect for the Parents and teachers which means to “honor them”. Number six is the Prohibition of Physically Harming a Person which means that “you shall not murder”. Number seven is the Prohibition of Sexual Immorality which means that “you shall not commit adultery”. Number eight is Prohibitions of Theft which means that “you shall not steal”. Number Nine is Prohibition of Harming a person through speech meaning that “you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. Finally number ten was Prohibition of Coveting which means that “you shall not covet your neighbor’s house.

Parthenon

the Parthenon and was made by the Greeks in a dedication to the goddess Athena, whom the citizens of Athens saw as their guardian. Besides the Parthenon means virgin that is the goddess Athena.

The Parthenon was built between the four hundred and forty seven and four hundred and thirty eight B.C.E. it sculptural decoration was finish around the fourth hundred and thirty two B.C.E Even larger that the temple of Zeus at Olympia, the building combine the Doric order of its columns, Seventeen in one side and eight on the ends with some ionic features. It also had continuous running frieze inside the outer colonnade, at the top of the temple wall and inner colonnades. The design incorporates some refinements intended to prevent any sense of monotony of heaviness and gives the building and air of richness and grace. Like earlier Doric column, those of the Parthenon are thickest at the point one third from the base and then the top, a device called entasis. In addition, all the columns tilt slightly toward each other. The columns also at the corner are thicker and closer together than the others, and the entablature leans outward. The seemingly flat floor is not flat at all but convex.

The religious meaning that the Parthenon had for the Greek been acculturated from the Sumerians and Egyptians. It was use to work ship the God or Goddess. They were dedicated to a specific god or goddess. Athena was the main temple. The Parthenon was facing to the east were the sun came out. For the Greek sun represent life. As the sun rise up a priest will open the doors for the sun to come inside the Parthenon and illuminated the statue of the God or Goddess reflecting on the town. Inside the temple everything was magical. Gates by some mechanism will open by itself in order to make people think that the God or Goddess opened. Also magnets were used t move gold over the ceiling.

Home View of Morality in the Iliad

The Home View of morality in the Iliad starts by the anger of Achilles and its consequence. Its message is direct one: we must be prepared to answer for the results of our own actions and realize that when we act wrongly, we will cause suffering both for ourselves and, perhaps more important, for those we love. Although the setting of the Iliad is heroic, even mystical, the theme of human is found universal.

Hamlet

There are many films in which we as spectators can appreciate how the author expresses an Ideal. This ideal can sometimes involve vengeance, love, religion and madness. Besides we can observe how the spectacle and the setting affect the plot and the characters in the film. For instance the film called Hamlets is a good example of how does the author express certain ideal. In the film we can observe ideals like vengeance, love, religion and madness. A mix of all this feeling is what makes Hamlets an interesting film.

To start with we can see how the author expresses the ideal of vengeance in the film Hamlets and how does it affect the setting. In addition we see how the ideal of vengeances repeats over and over. First we have hamlet wanting to revenge his father’s death. Then leather wanting also to revenge his father’s death. Therefore we realize how these two characters are both consumed in hate and madness. As a result they begin in a certain way to destroy everything in their path. Also base on the ideal of vengeance they end up destroying their life and the life of their loves ones. With hamlets we see how base on his revenge he kills by mistake in an act of outrage the father of the Ophelia the girl that he loved the most. Finally we can see how the author is pointing out that revenge does not resolve anything and that at the end it only makes things worse.

On the other hand the ideal of religion also appears in the film. Since the movie is base in the middle ages. This Era is known as the dark ages because of the fall of the Roman Empire. Then all the knowledge that the roman had and the Greeks had was lost. Therefore as time went by Christianity started to rise and spread. And we can see these ideals appear in the movie. For instance when Hamlets dad ghost appears to him and tell him that he was poisoned and killed without confessing his sins. Therefore he went to hell. As a result we can that this ideal is part of the Christianity and this had an enormous effect on hamlet. Because on what the ghost told him, he starts his vengeance.

Yet there we appreciate how the love and madness mix together made a huge impact upon the characters life. For example the love that hamlet felt for his father and also his mother was so special. Yet when he sees that his dear mother marries his uncle and two moths pass from his dad’s death. He then starts to get devastated and betrayed by his mother.

Finally in my opinion I can say that even though the film hamlets points out certain ideals just like the ones that I just explain before. The film is basically bringing the messages that when someone seeks vengeance the person does not end up in a good way. Besides they can end up like Hamlets hurting other peoples and even ending up their lives. Also that we cannot be let driven by our feelings in order to seek vengeance. As a result there are other way to bring justice without hurting anyone.